Islamic and Romanesque - Wk 5

Summary

Islamic design, deeply rooted in religious tradition, emphasizes communal worship spaces like mosques, featuring key elements such as arches, columned halls, and courtyards. Early examples, like the Great Mosque of Kairouan, established the use of geometric patterns and horseshoe arches, which became defining features. Persian, Turkish, and Mughal influences are evident in structures like the Blue Mosque in Istanbul, known for its grand domes and intricate tilework, and the Taj Mahal, a marble mausoleum reflecting Mughal artistry. In Islamic Spain, the fusion of European and Islamic styles is seen in landmarks like the Alhambra and the Great Mosque of Cordoba, showcasing elaborate tilework and architectural complexity.

The Blue Mosque








Taj Mahal










The Romanesque architectural style, which emerged around 800 AD, was heavily influenced by Roman structures and promoted by Charlemagne, who encouraged learning and the arts. Characterized by semicircular arches, vaults, and plans derived from Early Christian basilicas, Romanesque churches typically featured multiple aisles, choir areas, and large ambulatories for processions. Key examples include Fontenay Abbey, known for its austere appearance; the Pisa Baptistery, which includes the iconic Leaning Tower; and Cluny Abbey, a significant site for the spread of Romanesque art. Interiors were richly decorated with vibrant colors, tapestries, and gilded sculptures, while furniture was limited to notable pieces like the Throne of Dagobert. Residential designs ranged from primitive wooden homes to dark, drafty stone castles for the nobility. The Romanesque style continues to influence contemporary architecture, as seen in modern developments like the Forum Shops at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas.

Fontenay Abbey








Leaning Tower of Pisa











Current Applications

Islamic

Louvre Abu Dhabi








Institut du Monde Arabe








Romanesque

Bank of the West, San Jose, CA








One Step Further: Bonnano Pisano

Bonanno Pisano was a prominent Italian architect and sculptor active in the late 11th to early 12th century, best known as the original architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, which began construction in 1173. His work exemplifies Romanesque architecture, characterized by rounded arches and a robust structure, and is reflected not only in the tower but also in the nearby Cathedral of Pisa. Though details about his life are scarce, Pisano's architectural innovations significantly influenced medieval Italian architecture, making the Leaning Tower one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world.

Comments

  1. Sami FordOctober 3, 2024 at 11:05 AM

    Your pictures are absolutely breathtaking! Nice brief summary. Also, your one step further is interesting, while compared to the ancient architecture it seems a kind of simple, it is still extravagant and monumental!

    ReplyDelete
  2. Bethany Huizenga INT270October 3, 2024 at 2:33 PM

    your current applications are super cool! I can totally see connection you made with buildings like the Taj Mahal. Good Job!

    ReplyDelete

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